è¡ç®¡ãæåããããã®ã«å¿ é ãªå åã®åå®
-æèå転åå åãè¡ç®¡ã§ã¯åå²å®å®åããããã-
çºè¡šã®ãã€ã³ã
1.è¡ç®¡æ°çå¢æ®å å(VEGF)ã«åãã£ãŠè¡ç®¡ãæåããããéããã®æã®åããã¬ã€ããã
ãå 端ã®å ç®çŽ°è(Tip)ãšTipã«è¿œéãå¢æ®ãã(æã䌞ã°ã)å ç®çŽ°è(Stalk)ãååšããŸãã
ããã®Tip-StalkãèŠå®ãã転åã·ã¹ãã ãæããã«ããŸããã
2.é·æã®VEGFåºæ¿ãåããTip现èã§ã¯è»¢åå åFOXO1*1ãæ žå 移è¡ããTip现èãéåœ
ãä»ããéºäŒåã»ãããçºçŸèªå°ããäžæ¹ãStalk现èã§ã®å¢æ®ãèªå°ããNotch ã·ã°ãã«
ã*2ãæå¶ããŸããããã«Notchã·ã°ãã«ã¯FOXOã·ã°ãã«ãæå¶ããããšã§Â StalkãTip
ã现èã«ãªããªãããã«çžäºã«çœå¶ããã·ã¹ãã ãæãç«ã£ãŠããããšã瀺ããŸããã
3.FOXO1ã¯é·å¯¿é¢é£è»¢åå åãšããŠç¥ãããŠãããå ç®çŽ°èã«ãããŠã¯è¡ç®¡æçã«äžå¯æ¬
ãã§ããå 霢ã®è»¢åã·ã¹ãã ãæããã«ããããšã§ãè¶ é«éœ¢ç€ŸäŒã§ã®è¡ç®¡ç å€(ãã転移å
ãè硬å)ã«é¢ããã·ã¹ãã 解æã«ç¹ããããšãæåŸ ãããŸãã
æŠèŠ
ãçæ¬å€§åŠçåœè³æºç 究ã»æ¯æŽã»ã³ã¿ãŒÂ ååè¡ç®¡å¶åŸ¡åéã®å æ¬Â ææãã®ç 究ã°ã«ãŒãã¯ãè¡ç®¡å ç®çŽ°èãçšããVEGFåºæ¿ã§ã®æ¬¡äžä»£ã·ãŒã¯ãšã³ã¹ç¶²çŸ 解æã«ãã£ãŠãè¡ç®¡åå²å 端éšÂ (Tip) ã§ã¯æ žå 移è¡ãã転åå å FOXO1ãã
(1)Tip 现èãéåœä»ããéºäŒåã»ãããå æ¬çã«çºçŸèªå°ããããš
(2)Notchã·ã°ãã«ãæå¶ãStalkåãé²è·ããããš
(3)å ç®ååã決å®ãããã¹ã¿ãŒè»¢åå åãšãšãã«ãå ç®ç¹ç°çãªãšãã²ãã -ã¯ãããã³æ§
ã é å€åãä¿ããè¡ç®¡æçã«é¢ããéºäŒåã»ãããèªå°ããããš
ãæããã«ããŸããã
ãããŸã§å šèº«æ§ã®FOXO1æ¬ æããŠã¹ã§ã¯è¡ç®¡ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®åœ¢æäžå šã§èçèŽæ»ã«ãªãããšãå ±åãããŠããŸããããè¡ç®¡ã«ç¹åãããã®ç æ ã¡ã«ããºã ã®è©³çŽ°ã¯åãã£ãŠããŸããã§ããã
ãFOXO1転åå åã¯ãããã现èã«ååšããç¹ã«é·å¯¿ãä¿ããã®ãšããŠãæé žåã¹ãã¬ã¹ã飢é€ä»£è¬ã«é¢äžããããšãã¯ããŒãºã¢ãããããŠããŸããäžæ¹ã现èæ¯ã«çµåã§ããé åãç°ãªããéã£ãæ©èœãçºæ®ããŸããå®éãä»åã®ç 究ã§ãå ç«çŽ°èã§ã¯ã¢ãããŒã·ã¹é¢é£éºäŒåã®çºçŸå¶åŸ¡é åã«çµåããã®ã«å¯Ÿããå ç®çŽ°èã§ã¯å šãç°ãªãè¡ç®¡åå²ãå ç®æçã«é¢ããéºäŒåå¶åŸ¡é åã«ç¹ç°çã«çµåããŸãããå³ã¡FOXO1ã®è»¢å掻æ§åãè¡ç®¡ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã®ç¶æã«äžå¯æ¬ ã§ããããšã瀺ãããFOXO1ããªãããšã§è¡ç®¡äžå šã«ããèŽæ»ã«ãªãç æ ãæ¹ããŠã¡ã«ããºã è«ãšããŠè§£æããããšã«æåããŸããã
é«çåç©ã¯è¡ç®¡ãããã¯ãŒã¯ãæ£åžžã«ç²åŸããããšã§ãæ£åžžã«çºçããèåšã«é žçŽ ãæ é€ãéã倧ãããªããŸããäžæ¹ãç掻ç¿æ £ç ãšããŠç¥ãããé«è¡å§ïœ¥åè硬åç³å°¿ç å«ãããã¯è¡ç®¡ããèããŠãããŸããä»åŸãæ¬ç 究ææã¯æå 霢転åå åFOXOã«åºã¥ããè¡ç®¡èåã®ã¡ã«ããºã 解æãšç掻ç¿æ £ç è¡ç®¡ç å€ã®åç解æã«åœ¹ç«ã€ããšãæåŸ ãããŸãã
èæ¯
ãè¡ç®¡ãããã¯ãŒã¯åœ¢æã«ã¯è¡ç®¡å ç®å¢æ®å å(VEGF)çã«ãããæ¢åè¡ç®¡ããæ°ãã«è¡ç®¡å ç®çŽ°èãåå²ãæçããŠããéçšãå¿ é ã§ãããããããã®è»¢åã·ã¹ãã ã«ã€ããŠã¯å šã解æãããŠããŸããã§ããããããŸã§åå²å 端éš(Tip 现è)ã«è»¢åå åFOXO1ãååšããããšã¯æ³å®ãããŠããŸããããå€ãã®å¢æ®æ§ãµã€ãã«ã€ã³ã«ããAKT*3ã掻æ§åãããæ žå€ç§»è¡ãããšèããããŠãããã®è»¢åå¶åŸ¡ããšãã²ãã ãšã®é¢äžãäžæã§ããã
ç 究ã®å 容
ãããã§å ç®çŽ°èãåºã«VEGFåºæ¿ã§ã®FOXO1 现èå±åšã®çµæçå€åã調ã¹ãå®éã®Tip 现èã«ãã㊠FOXO1 ã®æ žå å±åšãæ€èšŒããŸãããæŽã«VEGF åºæ¿ã§ã®å ç®çŽ°èã®single cell-seq*4ãFOXO1匷å¶çºçŸ/ããã¯ããŠã³ã§ã®RNAseq*4ãå åšæ§FOXO1æäœãçšãã ChIP-seq*4 ããŸãšããå ç®çŽ°èã§ã®ãã¹ãã³ãããã³ã°ãšç §åããããŒã¿ãµã€ãšã³ã¹ãšããŠã®ãªããã¯ã¹è§£æãå®æœããŸããã
ææ
ããã®çµæãVEGF åºæ¿æ©æã«ãªã³é žåããæ žå€ç§»è¡ããFOXO1ã¯ãè±ãªã³é žåé µçŽ Â PP2A*3ã«ããå¶åŸ¡ãåããŠ1æéåŸä»¥éã«åã³æ žå 移è¡ããäºãå€æããŸãã(å³1)ã
å³Â 1: Graphical Abstract
è¡ç®¡æ°çå¢æ®å åã§ããVEGFã«åãã£ãŠå ç®çŽ°èã®çºèœÂ (Sprouting) ãå§ãŸãããåå²ã®å®å®åã«ã¯Tip现èãšStalk现èã®åºå®åãå¿ èŠã§ãããç¹ã«Tip现èã§ã¯Â VEGFå容äœããã®PI3-ãããŒãŒ-AKT ãããŒãŒã®æŽ»æ§åã«ããFOXO1ããŸã现è質ã«ç§»è¡ããæã¢ãããŒã·ã¹ãšããŠäœçšãããããã®åŸPP2Aè±ãªã³é žåé µçŽ ã®åãã«ããFOXO1ã¯è±ãªã³é žåããååºŠæ žå ã«ç§»è¡ããããã®æãå ç®èŠå®æ§ãéåœä»ãããã¹ã¿ãŒè»¢åå å矀(GATAãEtsãã¡ããªãŒè»¢åå å)ãšå調ããŠããã¹ãã³ç°å¢ãå€åãããå ç®æçãå®å®åã«é¢äžããTip现èã®ç¬ç¹ã®æ©èœãæããäžé£ã®éºäŒå矀ã®çºçŸãä¿é²ããããã®Tip现èã§ã®FOXO1ã®æ žå 移è¡ã«ãããNotchã·ã°ãã«ã Tip 现èèªèº«ã§äœçšããŠããŸãTipãStalk 现èæ§ã«ãªãããšãé²è·ããéã«Notchã«ããèªå·±å¢æ®ããStalk现èã§ã¯Â Notchã·ã°ãã«æŽ»æ§åãæ ãæ žå ãã©ã°ã¡ã³ã (N1CD)ã FOXO1ã®çºçŸãäžããããšã§ãFOXO1掻æ§åã§ã®Tipåãé²ãã§ããããã®ããã«çžäºã«æå¶ãããæ©æ§ãæãç«ã£ãŠããã
ããŸã網èè¡ç®¡ã®Â Tip é åã§ã¯Â FOXO1 ãå®éã«æ žå 移è¡ããŠãããStalké åã§ã¯èªããããŸããã§ãã(å³2)ã
å³Â 2: 網èè¡ç®¡å 端éšã®å ç«æè²å
CD31 (çœ)ã¯å ç®çŽ°èã®ããŒã«ãŒãEndothelial Specific Molecule (ESM)1 (ç·)ã¯å ç®ç¹ç°çãªTip现èã®ããŒã«ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯ãšããŠçšããã
ç¢é ã¯åå²å 端âTipé åã«ãŠFOXO1 (èµ€)ãæ žå 移è¡ããŠããããšã瀺ãã
ãå ç®çŽ°èã¯å¹é€æã§ãçºçŸæ§åŒãäžæ§ã§ã¯ãããŸããããVEGF åºæ¿ã«ãã£ãŠå šäœã Tip æ§ã®çºçŸæ§åŒã瀺ããããã FOXO1 転åå åã«åºã¥ããã®ã§ããããšã RNA-seqãChIP-seq ããå€æããŸããããã®Â FOXO1 ã¯ãããã现èã§çºçŸããŠããŸãããVEGF åºæ¿ãåããå ç®çŽ°èã§ã¯å ç®ååãéåœä»ãããã¹ã¿ãŒè»¢åå å*5ãšå調ããŠå ç®ç¹ç°çãªè¡ç®¡æçå®å®åã«é¢Â äžãã éºäŒåã»ã ãã®çºçŸå¶åŸ¡é åã«çµåããããšãèŠåºããŸãããæ¬çµåæ§åŒã¯åããFOXO1ãçºçŸããå ç«çŽ°è(B现è)ãšäžŠåã«æ¯èŒããå Žåã§ãç°ãªã£ãŠãããB现èã§ã¯ãã®çŽ°èã«éèŠãªå ç«æŽ»æ§åãã¢ãããŒã·ã¹é¢é£éºäŒåã»ããã«ç¹ç°çã«çµåããããšã瀺ãããŠããŸã(å³3)ã
å³Â 3:å ç®çŽ°è (HUVECs) ãšÂ B 现èã§ã®Â FOXO1 æäœãçšãã ChIP-seq ããŒã¿
転åéå§ç¹(0)ä»è¿è¿åã§ã®FOXO1çµåã®æ¿çž®ããŒã¯(èµ€)ã瀺ããå ç®çŽ°èHUVECsã«ãŠæ¿çž®ããŒã¯ãèŠãããéºäŒåã»ãã(巊端)ã§ã¯B现èã§ã¯åŒ±ããéã«B现èã§FOXO1çµåã®æ¿çž®ãèªããããéºäŒåã»ãã(å³ç«¯)ã§ã¯å ç®çŽ°èã§ã¯æ®ã©èªããããªãã
å ç®çŽ°èãB现èå ±ã«FOXO1ã¯ååšããããçµåã§ããéºäŒåé åã¯åã ç°ãªãããšã瀺ãããŠããã
å±é
ãè¶ é«éœ¢ç€ŸäŒãè¿ããæãåœã§ã¯è»¢ç§»ãåçºã䌎ãæªæ§ãããè³æ¢å¡ïœ¥å¿è¡ç®¡çŸæ£ã§ã®æ»äº¡çã¯å¢å ã®äžéã«ãããŸãããããäžå€§çŸç ã«ã¯è¡ç®¡ç æ ãå¯æ¥ã«é¢ãã£ãŠããããããã¯è¡ç®¡ãšãšãã«èããããšããç±³åœã®å»åŠè ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ãªã¹ã©ãŒå士(1849-1919)ã®æ Œèšã«ããããã«ãè¡ç®¡ã®åå²ãšæçå(è¡ç®¡æ°ç)ãççãå 霢ã«äŒŽãæ©èœäœäžã®ååã¡ã«ããºã ã解æããããšã極ããŠéèŠãšãªã£ãŠããŸããFOXO1ã¯é·å¯¿ïœ¥æèåã¿ã³ãã¯ãšããŠèªç¥ãããŠããŸããããä»åè¡ç®¡ã§ã®ãšãã²ãã ç°å¢å€åã䌎ã£ãŠãå®å®åæçåã®ååæ©æ§ãæããã«ãªã£ãããšããããã®è»¢åãããã¯ãŒã¯ãå¿çšããæè¡ç®¡ç ã«è³ãæ°èŠæ©æ§è§£æã«å°æ¥ç¹ããããšãæåŸ ãããŸãã
çšèªè§£èª¬
â»1 FOXO1:
ãã©ãŒã¯ããã(Fox)ãã¡ã€ã³(DNA ãã€ããŒéãžã®çµåã«ããã¯ãããã³æ§é å€åããããã)ããã€Otype1 çªç®ã®è»¢åå åãæ§ã ãªçŽ°èã§çºçŸããŠããã飢é€å¿çãã€ã³ã¹ãªã³ã§ã®ç³æ°çã解ç³ç³»ã®èª¿ç¯ã«ãé¢äžããããšãç¥ãããŠããã
â»2 NOTCHã·ã°ãã«:
ç¯è¶³åç©ããé«çåç©ã«è³ããŸã§ä¿åãããçºçååã«å¯äžãã现èéã·ã°ãã«ãNotch ãªã¬ã³ããšãã®å容äœã®çµåã«ããå容äœãåæãããCæ«æç(N1CD) ãæ žå 移è¡ã転å掻æ§åãçããã
â»3 AKT, PP2A:
æ§ã ãªå¢æ®å åã«ãã现èèçŽäžã®Phosphatidyl Inositol(PI)3-ãããŒãŒã掻æ§åããããã®åºè³ªã§ããAKTããªã³é žåããããPI3K/AKTã¯çŽ°èå¢æ®ãçåã«ç¹ããã·ã°ãã«äŒéå åã§ãããäžæ¹ ãPP2A ã¯çŽ°èå ã®äž»èŠãªã»ãªã³ã¹ã¬ãªãã³ãŒã¿ã³ãã¯è±ãªã³é žåé µçŽ ã§å€æ§ãªçŽ°èæ©èœã«é¢äžãããšãããã
â»4 Single cell-seq, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq:
ãããã次äžä»£deepã·ãŒã¯ãšã³ãµãŒã«ãŠããŒã¿ååŸããææ³ã§ãåäžçŽ°èã¬ãã«ã§ã®çºçŸããããã²ãã å šäœã®éºäŒåçºçŸã¬ãã«ããã¹ãã³ã転åå åã®ã¯ãããã³ãžã®çµåã¬ãã«ãå æ¬çã«è§£æããããšãã§ããã
â»5 ãã¹ã¿ãŒè»¢åå å:
幹现èããåã ã®çŽ°èã§ã®ååèªå°ãåžãäž»ãã(ãã¹ã¿ãŒ)転åå åã®ããšãæå¶ãã¹ãã³ããŒã¯Â (H3K27me3)ãæ¿çž®ãããã¯ãããã³é åãå€åããããã€ãªãã¢è»¢åå å(FoxO1 ãå«ã)ãšå調ããŠååèªå°ã«å¿ é ã®åãã瀺ãããšãç¥ãããŠããã